![]() Many sources also add the presence of associated daytime impairments, such as fatigue, irritability, decreased memory and concentration, and pervasive malaise affecting many aspects of daytime functioning. The definition of insomnia is a complaint of disturbed sleep, manifested as difficulties in sleep initiation or sleep maintenance, and/or as early awakenings. ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural 3,4 However, research into the relationships between these findings is sorely lacking. Epidemiologic studies show that abnormal sleep patterns predict lower life expectancy, 2 and that insomnia frequently co-occurs with affective disorders, substance abuse, and other physical and psychological comorbidities. 1 Additionally, studies suggest that poor sleep contributes to ill health. Sleep accounts for one third of human life, yet scientific inquiry in this area is limited compared with other aspects of neuroscience. This article will provide an overview of insomnia, its prevalence and epidemiology, and guidelines for clinical assessment. Epidemiologic studies show that abnormal sleep patterns predict lower life expectancy, and that people with insomnia are more likely to develop affective disorders, substance abuse, and other adverse health outcomes. Additionally, the relationship between insomnia and other disease states is not always clear because it is often not possible to determine the cause-and-effect relationship between disorders. Although insomnia can be a primary condition, and can coexist with other disorders or be considered secondary to these disorders, the mechanisms producing it are not clearly defined. The elderly in particular are affected by insomnia, and it has been shown that women are more likely to have sleep difficulties than men. Although it is generally believed that 10% to 15% of the adult population suffers from chronic insomnia, and an additional 25% to 35% have transient or occasional insomnia, prevalence estimates vary because of inconsistent definitions and diagnostic criteria. ![]() As far as external validity is concerned, the correlations of the AIS-8 and AIS-5 with the Sleep Problems Scale were 0.90 and 0.85, respectively.ĬONCLUSION: The high measures of consistency, reliability, and validity of the AIS make it an invaluable tool in sleep research and clinical practice.Many questions remain unanswered with regard to our understanding of insomnia. The test-retest reliability correlation coefficient was found almost 0.90 at a 1-week interval. ![]() Moreover, in the factor analysis, the scale emerged as a sole component. 90 and the mean item-total correlation coefficient was about 0.70. RESULTS: Regarding internal consistency, for both versions of the scale, the Cronbach's alpha was around 0. The validation of the AIS was based on its administration to 299 subjects: 105 primary insomniacs, 144 psychiatric patients and 50 non-patient controls. Either the entire eight-item scale (AIS-8) or the brief five-item version (AIS-5), which contains only the first five items, can be utilized. It consists of eight items: the first five pertain to sleep induction, awakenings during the night, final awakening, total sleep duration, and sleep quality while the last three refer to well-being, functioning capacity, and sleepiness during the day. METHODS: The AIS is a self-assessment psychometric instrument designed for quantifying sleep difficulty based on the ICD-10 criteria. OBJECTIVES: To describe and validate the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS). ![]()
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